6 Skincare Ingredients Dermatologists Say You Need To Avoid

Skincare is an essential part of maintaining healthy, radiant skin, but not all products are created equal. Many skincare brands include ingredients that dermatologists warn can cause irritation, premature aging, or even long-term health risks. Some of these chemicals disrupt hormones, trigger allergic reactions, or strip the skin of its natural moisture. Despite regulatory oversight, harmful substances still appear in widely available creams, cleansers, and sunscreens. Knowing which ingredients to avoid is the first step in protecting your skin. Here are six skincare ingredients that experts advise against and why switching to safer alternatives can benefit both your skin and overall health.

Parabens: The Hidden Hormone Disruptors

Parabens are synthetic preservatives commonly used in skincare and cosmetics to extend shelf life by preventing the growth of bacteria and mold. However, research has linked parabens to hormone disruption, as they mimic estrogen and can interfere with the body’s endocrine system. This hormonal imbalance may contribute to reproductive issues, developmental disorders, and an increased risk of breast cancer. Some studies have even detected parabens in breast tumor tissue, raising concerns about their long-term effects.

Beyond hormone disruption, parabens can cause skin irritation, especially for those with sensitive or allergy-prone skin. Commonly listed as methylparaben, propylparaben, or butylparaben, these preservatives are found in lotions, shampoos, deodorants, and facial cleansers. Fortunately, many brands now offer paraben-free options, using natural preservatives like vitamin E, grapefruit seed extract, and rosemary oil. Choosing products labeled “paraben-free” ensures you are reducing potential health risks while still protecting your skin from harmful bacteria.

Artificial Fragrances: The Mystery Mix of Chemicals

Fragrance is one of the most common yet least regulated ingredients in skincare products. The term “fragrance” on an ingredient list can conceal a cocktail of hundreds of undisclosed chemicals, including allergens, hormone disruptors, and even carcinogens. Since companies are not required to disclose fragrance compositions, consumers are left unaware of the potential risks. These synthetic compounds can trigger allergic reactions, headaches, respiratory issues, and skin irritation, particularly for those with sensitive skin or conditions like eczema.

Long-term exposure to artificial fragrances has also been linked to hormone disruption and possible effects on the nervous system. Commonly found in lotions, serums, face washes, and perfumes, these synthetic scents can be replaced with natural alternatives like essential oils or fragrance-free formulations. Opting for unscented skincare products reduces the risk of irritation while ensuring that your skin absorbs only safe and beneficial ingredients. Checking labels for terms like “phthalate-free” and “synthetic fragrance-free” can help make informed choices for a healthier skincare routine.

Sulfates: Harsh Detergents That Strip the Skin

Sulfates, including sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), are commonly used in cleansers and shampoos to create a foaming lather. While they effectively remove dirt and oil, they are also harsh surfactants that strip the skin of its natural moisture barrier. This can lead to dryness, irritation, and increased sensitivity, making sulfates particularly problematic for those with eczema, rosacea, or acne-prone skin. Over time, excessive use of sulfate-containing products may weaken the skin’s protective layer, making it more vulnerable to environmental damage.

Beyond skin irritation, sulfates can also cause eye irritation and disrupt the natural balance of the scalp, leading to dryness or excess oil production. Some studies suggest that sulfates may contain traces of 1,4-dioxane, a potential carcinogen formed during the manufacturing process. To avoid these risks, dermatologists recommend switching to sulfate-free cleansers and shampoos that use gentler, plant-based surfactants like coco-glucoside or decyl glucoside. Choosing sulfate-free skincare products ensures that your skin remains hydrated and balanced without unnecessary exposure to harsh chemicals.

Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde-Releasing Preservatives

Formaldehyde is a known carcinogen that has been used in skincare and cosmetic products as a preservative to prevent bacterial growth. While many brands have phased out direct use of formaldehyde, some still incorporate formaldehyde-releasing preservatives such as DMDM hydantoin, imidazolidinyl urea, and diazolidinyl urea. These ingredients slowly release small amounts of formaldehyde over time, leading to prolonged exposure. The risks associated with formaldehyde include skin irritation, allergic reactions, and an increased likelihood of developing contact dermatitis, especially for individuals with sensitive skin.

Beyond skin irritation, formaldehyde exposure has been linked to more serious health concerns, including respiratory issues and an elevated risk of certain cancers with long-term use. Many countries have restricted or banned formaldehyde in personal care products due to these health concerns, yet it still appears in some skincare and hair care items. To protect your skin and overall health, look for preservative systems that use safer alternatives, such as phenoxyethanol or ethylhexylglycerin. Checking ingredient labels for hidden formaldehyde releasers is essential in avoiding unnecessary exposure to this toxic compound.

Oxybenzone and Other Harmful Chemical Sunscreens

Oxybenzone is a common ingredient in chemical sunscreens that has been linked to hormone disruption and potential cellular damage. Studies have shown that oxybenzone can be absorbed into the bloodstream, where it may interfere with estrogen and testosterone levels. This can be particularly concerning for pregnant women and children, as hormonal imbalances may affect reproductive health and development. Additionally, oxybenzone has been associated with skin irritation and allergic reactions, making it unsuitable for those with sensitive skin.

Beyond personal health risks, oxybenzone has also been identified as a major environmental pollutant. Research has found that it contributes to coral reef bleaching, leading to bans on oxybenzone-containing sunscreens in places like Hawaii and Key West. As an alternative, dermatologists recommend mineral-based sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, which provide broad-spectrum protection without harmful side effects. Choosing a reef-safe, non-toxic sunscreen ensures both skin safety and environmental responsibility, making it a smarter choice for daily sun protection.

Phthalates: The Plasticizers in Your Skincare

Phthalates are a group of chemicals used to improve the texture and flexibility of skincare products, often found in lotions, perfumes, and nail polishes. They are also used as a solvent to help fragrances last longer, making them difficult to avoid in scented products. However, phthalates have been classified as endocrine disruptors, meaning they can interfere with hormone production and regulation. Some studies have linked prolonged exposure to phthalates with reproductive issues, including lower fertility rates and developmental concerns in children.

Because phthalates are often hidden under the term “fragrance” on ingredient lists, consumers may unknowingly be exposed to them. In response to growing concerns, many brands now offer phthalate-free formulations that rely on natural or safer synthetic alternatives. Looking for labels that specifically state “phthalate-free” or choosing unscented products can help minimize exposure. Opting for cleaner beauty brands that prioritize transparency in ingredient labeling ensures that you are making safer choices for both your skin and overall health.

Make Smarter Choices for Healthier Skin

Understanding what goes into skincare products is essential for maintaining healthy skin and overall well-being. Many commonly used ingredients, such as parabens, sulfates, and phthalates, have been linked to hormone disruption, skin irritation, and even long-term health risks. By reading labels carefully and opting for cleaner, dermatologist-approved alternatives, you can reduce exposure to harmful chemicals while still achieving effective skincare results. Prioritizing products with natural preservatives and non-toxic formulations helps protect your skin without unnecessary risks. Making informed choices today can lead to healthier, glowing skin and long-term benefits for both your body and the environment.